Business model reinvention

The business ecosystem “ways to play”

  • Insight
  • 9 minute read
  • July 26, 2024

Ongoing disruption has made it increasingly difficult for many companies to sustain high levels of growth. In PwC’s June 2024 Pulse Survey, 76% of the executives responding say that the average company in their industry will be out of business a decade from now unless it changes its current business model.

Across sectors, our clients face numerous headwinds that can cast doubt on their long-term sustainability.

In today's macroenvironment, success metrics such as enterprise value, revenue and profitability are increasingly unpredictable. The rising cost of capital compounds these challenges and puts additional pressure on companies to generate excess returns that can justify future investments. With the federal funds rate standing at 5.5% as of May 2024, up from 1% in May 2022, businesses will need to increasingly prioritize organic growth strategies to drive their expansion efforts.

New commercial threats present obstacles for both established and emerging players. Companies are using their advanced R&D engines to introduce disruptive products and services at an accelerated rate. Competition is also becoming increasingly sector-agnostic, blurring the traditional industry boundaries.

  • Big-box retailers, for instance, are using advanced software platforms, and technology companies are venturing into finance and banking — so your next major competitor could emerge unexpectedly from an entirely different industry, armed with an impressive offering.

An abundance of choice enables consumers to be more discerning. They expect experiences that are seamless, customizable, private, secure and sustainable. This heightened customer awareness has led to shifts in behavior as individuals recognize trends and use both their purchasing power and voices to make informed decisions. Businesses should deliver exceptional experiences that align with these evolving consumer needs.

Rapid advancements in technology, such as generative AI (GenAI), Internet of Things (IoT) and advanced information security have empowered consumers to use integrated offerings that provide customization, privacy and enhanced levels of service. In PwC's Pulse Survey, 51% of business executives say they plan to invest in new technologies over the next 12 to 18 months, with just over half (51%) investing in GenAI specifically. Companies unwilling or unable to adopt these advancements will likely struggle to keep pace with the rate of change driving the market forward.

Complex economic, political and regulatory forces have created new barriers to navigating growth and can be challenging and costly to manage. Companies should manage this multipolarity and insulate their operations to help mitigate the effects of uncertainty and regulations.

The ecosystem opportunity

Persistent barriers to growth are pushing companies to embrace business model reinvention, radically transforming how they create, deliver and capture value. This strategy fundamentally changes how a business makes money, serves customers and/or provides new products or services.

Business ecosystem: Collaborative networks of organizations that collectively create and share value. By working together, they can innovate at a higher level and deliver more expansive offerings.

Business model reinvention presents opportunities to collaborate and drive outsized returns

PwC conducted a Ways to Play analysis of leading technology, media and telecom businesses and classified these businesses according to several profitability, growth and investment metrics. On average, we found that ecosystem drivers achieve 50% to 60% margins compared to the 30% to 35% margins with traditional product-led companies. There’s an opportunity to lift the bottom line by embracing ecosystems, but capturing the opportunity requires sustained focus and investment — and an appetite for risk. Ecosystems enable access to untapped segments of the market, drive increased consumer loyalty, increase business agility and provide pathways to value by unlocking new commercial opportunities.

In contrast to traditional partnership models that are primarily transactional, business ecosystems cultivate a deeper level of interdependence. The success of the ecosystem relies on the collective contributions and collaboration of its participants. By embracing this interdependence, businesses can harness the ecosystem’s power to drive innovation, create value and seize new opportunities.

Some players, we call them "independents," will likely opt out of participating in business ecosystems, choosing to operate without investing in a business network due to factors like niche focus, regulatory challenges, closed innovation or desire to maintain full control of their value chain.

Ecosystems require a willingness to prioritize long-term sustainability over short-term gains and to actively engage in building strong relationships and trust among ecosystem participants. Through collaboration, organizations can help unlock the full potential of the ecosystem and achieve collective success.

Ecosystem value streams

The value generated within a thriving business ecosystem is compounded. Small initial successes can quickly grow over time as the size of the network increases, partnership synergies are realized and competitive momentum takes hold. For the individual business, engaging in ecosystems can present many benefits.

Ecosystem players can get more creative with what and how they sell. The partnerships formed throughout the network can help allow businesses to expand into new domains by targeting new customer segments, reaching previously untapped geographies and commercializing new offerings. Ecosystems can also provide new monetization sources such as subscription/recurring revenue, data and transactional information, and add-ons and licensing.

Business ecosystems can create synergies that reduce the burden of taking products and services to market. A shared pool of customers, resources and infrastructure may reduce the typical friction and investment associated with growth and free resources that can be diverted to revenue-generating activities.

Over time, ecosystems can create a “lock-in” effect by having an integrated and seamless offering. By catering to a broader set of customer needs, you can build deep customer loyalty thanks to the cohesiveness and consistency of your offering. Customers of a popular subscription shopping platform, for example, might also receive discounted pharmacy benefits. Similarly, other ecosystem participants and stakeholders are incentivized to remain in the network to retain the customers that have bought into the platform and products.

By fostering a diverse set of offerings and partnerships, businesses can respond swiftly to unexpected market shifts. The collaborative nature of the network enables organizations to tap into a range of resources, knowledge and capabilities, allowing them to adapt their strategies, products and services. This agility empowers businesses to seize emerging opportunities and navigate challenges with resilience and flexibility.

Our Ways to Play analysis revealed that one of the most sophisticated levels of ecosystem engagement resulted in a 2.0x multiple of EV/LTM* revenue compared to traditional product-led companies. To realize these rewards, the ecosystem orchestrator should commit to increased and sustained investment (such as R&D) and aggressively develop the capabilities needed to manage a complex partner network.

*enterprise value / last twelve months revenue

What it means for you: Defining your ecosystem play

Your role: How should I engage?

Ecosystems are becoming a pillar of modern commerce. Businesses should make deliberate decisions on how (or if) they engage in business ecosystems. This may require solidifying and committing to your business strategy, assessing the relationships among various players, identifying gaps, recognizing opportunities to connect and collaborate, and developing a strong focus on attracting new value creation opportunities.

PwC has defined a set of activities in alignment with two core ecosystem Ways to Play. These activities represent the high-level strategy for engaging in ecosystems. A well-defined way to play is broad enough to allow flexibility and growth but narrow enough to focus strategy and decision making. These two archetypes — orchestrator and participant — involve different core competencies and capabilities to extract meaningful value from the network.

The role of the orchestrator

Orchestrator: A dynamic entity that plays a pivotal role in shaping and managing the comprehensive ecosystem. The orchestrator takes charge of developing, owning and managing the platform foundational to the network of ecosystem players.

The orchestrator platform is the basis from which offerings and services across the ecosystem are built. In addition to platform management, the orchestrator governs the diverse range of “participants” who contribute to the ecosystem, including control of access rights. By effectively coordinating and harmonizing these players, the orchestrator enables the smooth functioning and success of the ecosystem environment. We have identified a few key characteristics of the successful ecosystem orchestrator.

This platform brings together other ecosystem participants (sellers) and end-consumers (buyers), and it enables the seamless exchange of varying types of products and services. Beyond facilitating transactions, the platform acts as a powerful connector, linking networks of consumers to products and creating opportunities for businesses to attract new customers and scale their operations in line with the potential growth. This kind of linking transcends closed innovation and nurtures a platform that empowers both developers and users to build upon. Doing so requires sophisticated integration capabilities for third parties and the ability to establish multi-directional revenue streams.

Orchestrators must have access to a dedicated customer base that trusts their company’s ability to deliver high-quality products and services. This gives the orchestrator substantial bargaining power and influence within the ecosystem, as their pool of customers represents a large opportunity for other players to grow their own businesses.

Orchestration requires a complex mix of capabilities ranging from platform development and maintenance, regulatory compliance, privacy, data management, monetization and so on.

One of the biggest responsibilities of the orchestrator is managing the network of players that contribute to the ecosystem. To do so, the orchestrator must have the capabilities to foster collaboration across a diverse network of partners, the right resources for day-to-day partner management and the capabilities to facilitate complex revenue sharing across the matrix of ecosystem participants.

Ecosystem orchestrators understand the value of investing back into the business in areas such as technology, talent and partner management. Our company research and Ways to Play analysis has shown that ecosystem leaders are investing almost two times as much into research and development compared to traditional product-led companies to sustain the innovation engine. The near-term decisions to invest in the future of their offerings may generate outsized returns that create an innovation flywheel effect, propelling the business forward faster than its peers.

The orchestrator’s right to win

The orchestrator is set to benefit significantly from the collective value of the ecosystem, and industry leading companies may aspire to effectively pursue orchestration as their path into ecosystems. However, we expect that a relatively narrow selection of organizations is fully equipped to embrace this role. Orchestration requires a significant and sustained level of financial resources. It also requires strong in-house talent across a diverse set of capabilities, a well-managed partner network, and, most importantly, the right to orchestrate due to a strong ability to influence the direction and behavior of the ecosystem.

The success of an ecosystem hinges on the presence of competent and confident orchestrators. Premature attempts to orchestrate without the necessary expertise and experience can lead to new competitive threads, reputational damage and wasting of valuable resources.

The role of the participant

Participant: The ecosystem participant extracts value by integrating their offerings into an existing ecosystem. They pay "rent" to play in that ecosystem but gain access to customers, technologies and partnerships that were previously unavailable to them.

We have identified a few key characteristics of the successful ecosystem participant.

Successful participants have the technical agility to expand the reach or extend the functionality of their offerings through middleware, integration layers or other means of connectivity.

Participants expand the value that the ecosystem can deliver to its users. A strong participant aims to extract value from the system while providing mutually beneficial products, services or innovation to the ecosystem.

Each customer base needs to be seen as valuable by the orchestrator and other ecosystem participants. Participation creates a symbiotic relationship between all members of the ecosystem and is not merely a new way to commercialize one’s own offerings.

The more quickly an organization can go to market, the faster it can begin realizing value. When you have experience forming and sustaining partnerships, you can make the most of multiple channels.

The ecosystems imperative

The interconnectedness of the world has brought about a fundamental shift in how companies navigate growth and fortify their businesses. It’s undeniable that ecosystems are emerging as a powerful avenue for achieving success in various areas, including customer acquisition, portfolio expansion, brand loyalty and shareholder value.

While ecosystem engagement may vary, the ecosystem economy will significantly impact traditional ways of doing business. Embracing business ecosystems is a powerful way to stay competitive, relevant and resilient. By actively participating in and embracing the opportunities presented by the ecosystem network, a business can unlock new areas for growth, collaboration and innovation — all with a lower barrier to entry.

But joining an ecosystem requires careful planning, investment in differentiating capabilities and resources, and a willingness to embrace change. In return, the ecosystem economy will pave the way for long-term success and resilience in an increasingly connected world.

Geared for unstoppable reinvention: We have a framework to help companies through their journey: strategy, structure, solutions and sustain.

Ready to learn more about the ecosystem play?

Reach out to our team

Contact us

Tom Casey

Principal, PwC US

Sahil Bhardwaj

Principal, PwC US

Alana Payne

Director, PwC US

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